In 1845, millions of Irish fled the famine, the majority coming to the U.S.

Nearly half of all U.S. immigrants in the 1840s were Irish.

The racism against them was phenomenal.

There were the No Irish Need Apply signs outside businesses looking for workers.

Anti-Irish nativist gangs, like New York’s Bowery Boys, and Baltimore’s Plug Uglies carried out pogroms in Irish communities.

These gangs often affiliated with political parties like the No Nothings and the Republicans.

Irish gangs, affiliated with the Democratic Party, began to form for self-defense.

At least twenty people died in anti-Irish riots in Philadelphia in 1844.

@MikeDunnAuthor

Irish Origins of the Myth of the Molly Maguires

According to legend, there was a widow living in Ireland in the 1840s named Molly Maguire,
who hated the landlords who were abusing the poor tenant farmers.

She supposedly carried a pistol strapped to each thigh.

She, or her followers, would beat or murder the tyrannical landlords, their agents, and bailiffs, whenever they tried to evict a tenant.

No one knows if she ever really existed, but other tenant farmer activists were said to cry out,
“Take that from a son of Molly Maguire!” when protesting against unscrupulous landlords.

@MikeDunnAuthor
#Pinkerton #Detective #Agency #Reading #Railroad #Black #Thursday #Molly #Maguires #union #activists #sheriffs #school #board

However, there is no evidence that an organization called the Molly Maguires ever existed in the U.S.

James McParland, an #agent #provocateur who worked for the Pinkerton Detective Agency,
and who provided the plans and weapons the men purportedly used in their crimes,
provided the only serious evidence against the men.

The entire legal process was a travesty:
a private corporation (the #Reading #Railroad ) set up the investigation through a private police force (the #Pinkerton #Detective #Agency ) and prosecuted them with their own company attorneys.

No jurors were Irish, though several were recent German immigrants who had trouble understanding the proceedings.

Nearly everything people “know” today about the Molly Maguires comes from Allan Pinkerton’s own work of #fiction,
"The Molly Maguires and the Detectives" (1877),
which he marketed as nonfiction.

His heavily biased book was the primary source for dozens of academic works, and for several pieces of fiction, including Arthur Conan Doyle’s final Sherlock Holmes novel, "Valley of Fear" (1915), and the 1970 Sean Connery film, "Molly Maguires."

https://c.im/@cdarwin/112267372704311250#.